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Notice how the Trans-Alaska Pipeline is built in a zigzag pattern? The Denali Fault earthquake ruptured the Earth's surface for 209 miles, crossing beneath the vital Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline, which carries 17% of the U.S. domestic oil supply. Detailed Description Surface faulting split this tree near the Trans Alaska Pipeline.
This allows the pipeline to expand and contract due to extreme temperature change or earthquakes. The Denali fault is an active intraplate dextral strike-slip fault.
Its epicenter was located on the Denali fault 22 km east of the M 7.9 event epicenter.
View south along the Trans Alaska Pipeline in the zone where it was engineered for the Denali fault. "It's a big frowny face in the middle of Alaska," Allam said. Noun 1. Photo by Jeff Freymueller. Numerous faults, including the Denali fault (a major fault system), demonstrate a long history of active plate tectonics and associated earthquake activity. The pipeline has an earthquake detection system that measures ground movement. The magnitude 7.9 earthquake that occurred in south-central Alaska on November 3, 2002 ruptured a 336-km long segment of the Denali Fault. The fault is an ancient trench through central Alaska maintained by Earth's crustal forces shoving in opposite directions. Photo credit. It was laid close to the ground on a gravel berm and is supported by shoes that slide on beams. Image Dimensions: 1536 x 1152. Computers can identify areas that should be checked after a large earthquake. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company has operated the pipeline for its owner companies since startup in 1977.
Ground Motions: The November 3 earthquake was preceded on Octo- ber 23 by the Mw 6.7 Nenana Mountain earthquake. Notice it is not a Fitch fault as it does not follow the magmatic arc complex. Designed to withstand a magnitude 8.5 earthquake at the Denali Fault crossing, the 800-mile long Trans-Alaska Pipeline … Framed by the mountains of the Alaska Range, the Denali Fault is easy to spot on a map.
The epicenter was located about 88 km west of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, and the rupture propagated to the east across the pipeline right-of-way. Alaska is the most geologically active part of the United States. Annual measurements of earth movements near the Denali fault (using temporary GPS stations such as this one near Wonder Lake) provide insight into the tectonic forces that caused the 2002 Denali Fault earthquake.
The M 7.9 Denali Fault event was preceded by the magnitude 6.7 Nenana Mountain event on October 23, 2002. This same earthquake offset the Alaska pipeline some 14 feet, which the pipeline was engineered and did accommodate. The fault trace passes beneath the pipeline between the 2nd and 3rd slider supports at the far end of the zone.
The survival of the pipeline in the Denali Fault earthquake was the result of careful engineering to meet stringent earthquake design specifications based on geologic studies done in the early 1970's by the U.S. Geological Survey, Woodward-Lundgren and Associates, and others in conjunction with the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company. While the fault rupture lasted for approximately 100 sec from its initiation to the arrest, its distal effects were felt for many days. Between the Richardson Highway the Tok Cutoff, a section of the Glenn Highway that connects Tok and Glennallen, the maximum offsets on the Denali Fault were observed. In addition to the Denali Fault, a pipeline from Fairbanks to Anchorage along the Parks Highway would cross the Castle Mountain Fault in the lower Susitna River Valley. The scientists want to see what the fault looks like beneath the surface. Nonetheless, the Denali fault (figure 4) has long been regard- ed as an active fault, and geotechni-cal studies in the early 1970s fo-cused on the risk posed by the fault to construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. Denali Fault/Pipeline view. The pipeline crosses the Denali fault some 90 miles south of Fairbanks. Denali Fault synonyms, Denali Fault pronunciation, Denali Fault translation, English dictionary definition of Denali Fault. Date Taken: Sunday, November 10, …
A major earthquake along the fault could cause the pipeline to rupture, spilling crude oil into the surrounding environment. At the Denali fault, engineers designed the pipeline to move with the earth.
Trace of the Denali Fault after the 7.9 magnitude earthquake of 3 November 2002, Alaska, USA. Although slightly damaged by movement on the fault and by intense shaking, the pipeline did not break in the quake , averting a major economic and environmental disaster. The Denali Fault earthquake ruptured the Earth's surface for 209 miles, crossing beneath the vital Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline, which carries 17% of the U.S. domestic oil supply. ... Purdue University website on GPS research on Denali.
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